University should be free

Thesis: University should be free. Today, university fees are usually quite high. Many students find that it is extremely difficult to find the funds to pay for an expensive education, so they look for school loans. These loans can weigh heavily on the minds of university students and put too much pressure to lead to students dropping out. Thus, free higher education is necessary for everyone. B. Terms define * University: A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. University provides both undergraduate education (also called first degree, bachelor's degree or simply degree) and postgraduate education. A postgraduate degree is one earned after receiving a Bachelor's degree. Examples of postgraduate degrees are master degree, doctor degree †¦ * University is free: University is free means that access to higher education should be available to all who desire it and should be available without regard to ability to pay. C. Background Information Today, university payment is so very high that many students cannot learn at university. Only the wealthy families can afford to send their children to universities, and the families having low incomes cannot. Moreover, those students with low-income family are hard to get good jobs that need professional skills. If students want to learn at university, they have to borrow money from government for covering the cost. That will give them the huge loans. These loans can weigh heavily on the minds of university students and put too much pressure to lead to students dropping out. Hence, university should be free for everyone. Every student can learn at university without paying tuition payment. In addition, students have more money to pay for books, rent, foods, study material, clothes when they learn at university. D. Arguments First Argument: University should be free because university fee weigh heavily on the minds of university students and students suffer with financial issue or money trouble. That is the reason for many students drop out of university. E. First argument * First Argument: University should be free because university fee weigh heavily on the minds of university students and students suffer with financial issue or money trouble. That is the reason for many students drop out of university. * University fees are usually very high. When student go to university they realize that it is too difficult to find the funds to pay for university fee. They will search for school loans. Student loans are the great help if students need some financial assistance to get through university. These loans can weigh heavily on the minds of university students, and put inordinate amounts of pressure to lead to students dropping out to earn money and pay back their student loans. In the United States, for example, many students obtain loans for higher education. The student loans debt statistics from Chronicle. com (date July 9, 2009) show that nearly 20 million Americans attend university each year. Of that 20 million, we have 60% students borrows annually to help cover cost and the average student loan debt of graduating university was about $58,000 before interest payments and typically $10,000 more including interest. This me ans that when students graduate from university, instead of working to make money for their future, they are working to make money to pay back their past. Especially, if their family could not afford their school loan, they will drop out of university to take the job. Even the jobs do not suit for students and the repayment of loans can take many years. The statistic from website http://www. asa. org shows that we have two out of five student loan borrowers – or 41% – are delinquent at some point in the first five years after entering repayment. In addition, from 2004 to 2009 there was 33% students drop out of university before earning a degree to struggle most with student loans. If university is not free, students will pay a lot of money for their study. That is the main reason lead to student drop out of university. * With free university education, student can go to university without crushing debt burden. University can offer a huge opportunity and student can study what they wish. Student will have more money to pay for their books, living, and other costs when they learn at university. * The statistics from website http://www. utoronto. ca show that the cost of living in Canada, and in particular Toronto, is very high. When students want to learn at university, they have to pay a lot of money for living expenses. In conclusion, it is clear that university should be free. University should be available to all who desire it and should be available without regard to ability to pay. Because the cost that students pay for their study at university is very high, many students will drop out of school to take jobs, earn money and pay back their student loans. Students cannot get the good jobs because they do not finish their study to ge t the graduation. It takes many years for students repay the debt. H. Conclusion University should be free for every student. When they study at university, they will pay a lot of money for studying cost and living cost. In addition, those costs are very high. Students have to borrow money from government to help cover cost. They cannot afford to pay back money to government. Therefore, they will drop out of university to earn money for paying the student loans. II. Opposition: A. Proposition’s argument 1: Universities need money to buy modern equipment for supplying student a good study environment. III. Rebuttal A. Review i. Thesis: University should be free. Today, university fees are usually quite high. Many students find that it is extremely difficult to find the funds to pay for an expensive education, so they look for school loans. These loans can weigh heavily on the minds of university students and put too much pressure to lead to students dropping out. Thus, free higher education is necessary for everyone. ii. Arguments 1. First argument: University should be free because university fee weigh heavily on the minds of university students and students suffer with financial issue or money trouble. That is the reason for many students drop out of university. B. Defend Argument . First argument: It is too expensive for students to pay tuition fees plus books, living, and other cost. * When students learn at university, they have to pay the tuition payment and they still have problems with paying for books, housing and food. People talk about education is free, and they forget such elements as housing and books. It is normal for students from countries with free education in Europe t o leave the university with a big loan. Education is indeed an investment and paying pack government the money you loaned to live while studying is reasonable. It is not only tuition payment that makes education expensive, but also rising living cost and lack of financial-support make education payment is more expensive. If university is free, students only pay for books, rent, foods, study material, clothes, and of course their nights out. Moreover, they do not pay for the tuition payment. If not, students will have to work in order to pay for tuition payment and living cost while studying. By working, students are most likely to skip their classes if their shifts overlap their schedules. Furthermore, they will not have enough time to study and review their lessons. When they are at school, they will most likely to fall asleep and cannot pay attention in class. * The Pew Research Center's 2011 study discovered that 57 percent of students who dropped out preferred to work and earn money, while 48 percent could not afford university whether they were working or not, and 50 percent of students do not pass the exams during their first semester of university when they are working part time jobs while studying. If university is free, students do not work to earn money, do not pay for student loans in the future, and will have more money to pay for books, rent, foods, study material, clothes. C. Attack opposition’s Arguments 1. First argument : Universities need money to buy modern equipment for supplying student a good study environment. – If universities need money to buy modern equipment for supplying student a good study environment, the tuition fee will be very high. Therefore, only students with wealthy families can go to university, and students with low-income families cannot. Thus, university should be free and education should be for everyone. * Whether university education should be free and reachable for both rich people and poor people is one of many burning problem that the education is dealing at the moment. If university education is not free, only the wealthy families can afford to give their children to universities, and the families having low incomes cannot because the higher education is so expensive. If students do not have money to pay, students have to borrow money from the government that will give them a huge loan, and they have to pay back after their studies done. It is also important to remember the cost outside the school with housing and books. This is unfair for the people who do not have the family money or the wealth that other people have. The students who are the poor family will not afford to attend university, they cannot get higher education and they will get a lower paid job. * The statistics form website www. ostsecondary. org, date May 02, 2012, show that while 79% of students born into the top income in the U. S. obtain bachelor’s degrees, only 11% of students from bottom families graduate from four-year universities. Put another way, about 55% of the bachelor’s degrees awarded in the U. S. went to students from top families with 2010 income above $98,875; 9. 4% of those degrees went to students with family income below $33,000. Therefore, sonly students from high-income families can learn at university because the tuition payments are very high. University should be free and education should be for everyone. Every student will have the opportunity to study. This means there would be more students going to university and more students will have higher degrees. Students will get the good jobs and bright future. D. Conclusion Therefore, we should say that university should be free for everyone. Every student can learn at university. Without paying tuition fee, students can get higher degrees without taking student loans, have more money for paying living cost, and have a bright future with a good job.Reference University fee should be free. (2013). Retrieved from http://debatewise.org/debates/1315-university-fees-should-be-scrapped/ Why University Education should be Free. (Tuesday, October 2, 2007). Retrieved from http://debatewise.org/debates/1315-university-fees-should-be-scrapped/ Poor Students Are The Real Victims Of College Discrimination. (5/02/2012). Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/danielfisher/2012/05/02/poor-students-are-the-real-victims-of-college-discrimination/ Casil. (2013). What Percentage of College Students Fail Their First Semester? Retrieved from http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/percentage-college-students-fail-first-sem

The Symbolism Of Young Goodman Brown Essays - Young Goodman Brown

The Symbolism Of Young Goodman Brown Essays - Young Goodman Brown The Symbolism Of Young Goodman Brown The Symbolism of Young Goodman Brown Nathaniel Hawthorne is a nineteenth-century American writer of the Romantic Movement. Hawthorne was born is Salem, Massachusetts, and this is the place he used as the setting for some of his works: such as The Scarlett Letter, the Blithedale Romance and Young Goodman Brown. In writing, Hawthorne was known for his use of allegory and symbolism, which made his stories a joy for everyone to read. Hawthorne was said to be the first American writer who was conscious of the failure of modern man to realize his full capacity for moral growth. His stories contain much about the life he knew as a child being brought up in a Puritan society. As Hawthornes writing continued it was filled with the same amount of sin and evil as his first writings. Evil that was revealed through his works. Young Goodman Brown was said to be one of the best stories ever written by Hawthorne (Adams70). The Marble Faun: and the Scarlett Letter were some of the other stories written by Hawthorne, and they were said to be Young Goodman Brown grown older. In this selection there is a question of maturity for Goodman Brown and whether he is good or evil. There is also a transition from childishness to adolescence to maturity. This short story in particular has a feeling of adultery, betrayal, and deception as in some of his other works. It was said by Richard P. Adams that young Goodman Brown was a germ for nearly all his best work that followed (Adams 71). The use of symbolism in young Goodman Brown shows that evil is everywhere, which becomes evident in the conclusion of this short story. Hawthornes works are filled with symbolic elements and allegorical elements. Young Goodman Brown deals mostly with conventional allegorical elements, such as Young Goodman Brown and Faith. In writing his short stories or novels he based their depiction of sin on the fact that he feels like his father and grandfather committed great sins. There are two main characters in this short story, Faith and Young Goodman Brown. Young Goodman Brown is everyman seventeenth-century New England the title as usual giving the clue. He is the son of the Old Adam, and recently wedded to Faith. We must note that every word is significant in the opening sentence: Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset into the street of Sale, Village; but put his head back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young w2ife. She begs him to put off his journey until sunrise, but he declares he cannot. [It] should not escape us that she tries to stop him because she is a similar compulsion to go on a journey herself-She talks dreams, too, Young Goodman Brown reflects as he leaves her. The journey each must take alone, in dread, at night, is the journey away form home and the community from conscious, everyday social life, to the wilderness where the hidden self satisfies or forces us to realize its subconscious fears and prompting in sleep. We take that journey with him into the awful forest. Noting the di fference between the town and the forest. We see Hawthorne using the Puritan association of trees and animals. When Young Goodman associates returns to Salem Village, his eyes are opened to the true nature of his fellowmen, that is human nature; he inescapably knows that what he suspected of himself is true of all men Hawthorne has made a dramatic poem of the Calvinist experience in New England. The unfailing tact with which the experience is evoked subjectively in the more impressive concrete terms, is a subordinate proof of genius. I should prefer to stress the wonderful I control of local and total rhythm, which never falters of stackers, and rises from the quest but impressive opening to its poetic climax in the superb and moving finale. Hawthorne has imaginatively recreated for the reader that Calvinist sense of sin, that theory did in actuality shape the early social and spiritual history of New England. But in Hawthorne by a wonderful feat of translation, it has no religious significance; it is as a psychological

Oliver and Celia Essay Example

Oliver and Celia Essay Example Oliver and Celia Essay Oliver and Celia Essay We must not forget that other characters than Rosalind use disguise; Touchstone also disguises himself. He does not disguise himself physically, but he disguises his true intentions of marriage with Audrey: sex. Touchstone is a very humorous character in the play, often joking or making puns. He is probably used by Shakespeare to contrast the different types of love and marriage: Touchstone is marrying Audrey for sex, and Audrey is marrying him so she can become a respected woman. This contrasts against Orlando and Rosalinds relationship, that was love at first sight, the like as Oliver and Celia.In this scene, we also see that Celia uses disguise. Originally her motive to disguise herself was for protection. However, she uses her disguise as a helpless weak maiden to get food and shelter, in Act II Scene 4. Also, in Act IV Scene 3, she does not tell Oliver who she really is. If she had told him she was the Dukes daughter, he might not have fallen in love with her, or pushed his feelings aside to bring her back to the court. However, she keeps her disguise until the very end of the play, when all the couples get married.Finally, in the end of the play, Rosalind brings all the couples together to be married, in a triumphant denouement. In the epilogue, she also adds humour through disguise, although she is no longer acting the part of Ganymede. The epilogue is humorous, since she says If I were a woman, which reminds the audience that she is in fact a cross-dressing man, or would have been when it was first performed. Nowadays that is not true, and it is one of the only lines written by Shakespeare that does not transcend time. This is because Rosalind is now played by an actress, as acting is a very reputable profession. However, in 1599, the year the play was written, women were not allowed to become actresses.This inspires thoughts about the way women were and are treated, and how society has changed through time. In Shakespeares time, women were supposed to be gentle, subservient, passive, etc. They were expected to marry, bear children, and raise them. They were constrained by societys rigid rules, especially women at court, like Celia and Rosalind, and had little freedom. Men had much more freedom, and could show their wit, intelligence and humour when they liked. However, it was seen as unfit for females to do the same.Even today, in modern countries in the western world, the two sexes are treated differently, but less so than in other countries such as Islamic ones. Women have more rights nowadays, and laws to protect those rights than in the 1600s.I think that Shakespeare has used the device of disguise very successfully, since he has not only added humour to the written play, but also through cross-dressing added humour. I think that I would have thought this play funny if I had the same sense of humour as people did then, and understood more of the puns and subtle jokes, that are typical of the Elizabethan times but are not found comical now.

Case Report of Secondary Narcolepsy

Case Report of Secondary Narcolepsy Title of the article: â€Å" Case Report of Secondary Narcolepsy presenting as self-inflicted genital injury † Abstract: Primary Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder with classical presentation showing tetrad of excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and Hypnogogic hallucinations. Some conditions that result in secondary narcolepsy include traumatic brain injury, tumors, and stroke. [1] A rare case of secondary narcolepsy was seen in a patient with self-inflicted genital injury. A 30 year old male was referred to Psychiatry from Surgery for a self-inflicted incised wound on hydrocoele. Since last 1 year, he had multiple episodes of — 1. Sudden falls while working 2. Sleep during daytime often at unusual places 3. Periods of unresponsiveness during which he was aware but unable to move. During hospital stay, daytime somnolence, sleep paralysis and cataplexy were noted several times, but hallucinations were not consistently reported. Based on DSM-IV-TR N arcolepsy was diagnosed. Possible reasons for genital injury were 1. To remove fluid from swelling 2. Under sleep paralysis 3. Under Hypnogogic hallucinations. Patient’s EEG was normal. MRI brain showed Gliosis at cervico-medullary junction.MRI spine was advised to examine the cervico-vertebral junction but patient was lost to follow-up. But from history and investigations, it was concluded that he had secondary narcolepsy due to traumatic brain injury. Narcolepsy typically begins in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life and negatively impacts the quality of life of affected patients. Diagnosis relies on patient history and objective data gathered from polysomnography and multiple sleep latency testing. Treatment focuses on symptom relief through medication, education, and behavioural modification. Key-words: Cataplexy; Narcolepsy; Polysomnography; Self inflicted injury, Key Messages [D1] :Secondary narcolepsy is rare and sometimes can be missed to diagnose. Such rare presentation of secondary narcolepsy helps in diagnosing other cases of self-inflicting injuries. Introduction: [D2] Narcolepsy is neither a type of epilepsy nor a psychogenic disturbance. It is an abnormality of the sleep mechanisms specifically, REM-inhibiting mechanisms and it has been studied in dogs, sheep, and humans. Narcolepsy can occur at any age, but it most frequently begins in adolescence or young adulthood, generally before the age of 30. The disorder either progresses slowly or reaches a plateau that is maintained throughout life. [2]. The prevalence of narcolepsy varies across countries and with different ethnic groups, and so the exact prevalence is not known. Prevalence estimates have been reported to be between 168 and 799 per 100,000 in most studies, although Japanese studies have indicated a higher prevalence of 1600 per 100,000. [2,3]. There are no genetic tests currently available for clinical use to make a positive diagnosis of narcolepsy. Genetic testing may correlat e best to narcolepsy when there is already clear cataplexy. [4]. Supporting the evidence for an environmental influence is the fact that the disease is not apparent at birth, but instead commonly has its onset during the second decade of life. Additionally, there are apparent precipitating factors such as head trauma, infection, and changes in sleep-waking habits that have been identified in some cases. [6] Chronic, daytime sleepiness is a major, disabling symptom for many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but thus far, its aetiology is not well understood. Extensive loss of the hypothalamic neurons that produce the wake-promoting neuropeptide hypocretin (orexin) causes the severe sleepiness of narcolepsy, and partial loss of these cells may contribute to the sleepiness of Parkinson disease and other disorders. One study has found that the number of hypocretin neurons is significantly reduced in patients with severe TBI. This observation highlights the often overlooked hy pothalamic injury in TBI and provides new insights into the causes of chronic sleepiness in patients with TBI. [7] Amphetamine usage has been associated with addiction, psychosis and self-injurious behaviour . There are report s on two patients who severely and repeatedly mutilated their own genitalia while intoxicated on amphetamines and consider possible diagnostic aetiologies. [8] Genital mutilation is common in males compared to females. [9] But narcolepsy presenting as self inflicted genital injury has not been reported so far. That is why this is a rare case .

Is The Holocaust Unique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is The Holocaust Unique - Essay Example Holocaust is the term used to describe the Nazi genocide of the Jewish people during World War II (Oxford Reference). The term â€Å"holocaust† has been used by many to describe other mass violations against humanity. The word â€Å"holocaust† is derived from holokaustos in the Greek translation of the bible and means a â€Å"completely consumed burnt offering†. The Gypsies (Romanis), the Armenians, and the Chinese under Mao all experienced one form or another of genocide. To some extent the terms genocide and holocaust have been used interchangeably to describe a mass killing of a people. So, what’s the difference? Mass killings can be called genocide but not necessarily a holocaust. The Jewish Holocaust was an attempt to kill off a specific race of people regardless of where they lived. Hitler’s version of holocaust was to kill off every Jew everywhere in the world with the intent of controlling the world with his allies. This was all inclusive, no exceptions! Genocide has been defined as being an eight stage process: Classification, Symbolization, Dehumanization, Organization, Polarization, Preparation, Extermination, and Denial. It’s when the eight stage process gets to â€Å"extermination† that their actions have earned the title â€Å"genocide†. The difference between genocide and a holocaust is that any one of the above listed eight stages is genocide. Holocaust is all the stages, one thru eight, with the intent to totally exterminate a people. The Holocaust's victims were considered to be so inferior, so threatening that their existence had to be completely eliminated (Rosenbaum, 22-23). The Nazi's called this plan "die Endlosung", the final solution to the Jewish question (Rosenbaum, 22). 2. A survivor's account. Alexander Kimel, a holocaust survivor, explains that the difference between Genocides and the Holocaust are the rates of survival (Kimel, p1.). Keep in mind that this is not an argument of numbers killed but an argument of recovery. China's Mao killed 10 million out of 800 million (1.23%), Stalin's numbers were 10 million out of 230 million (4.3%), and in the early phases of World War II out of 10,000 Jews 9900 were killed (99%). And, that trend continued through out World War Two. Recovery can and did take place in China and Russia. In Europe the Jewish community remains but a fragment of what it was and does not continue in the same ways as prior to World War Two. Many Jewish communities that had existed in Europe prior to World War Two are gone. All that remains of many communities are their vandalized cemeteries. 3. What is the purpose of the discussions about the Holocaust and genocide The Jewish community as a whole has kept alive their memories of the Holocaust. The Armenian and Romani communities have done the same. Yehuda Berger writes:

The Civil War in Sierra Leone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Civil War in Sierra Leone - Research Paper Example Marked with occasional military coups, the weak governments installed (mainly through international intervention) did not last long enough to oversee meaningful development or even stabilization, which has left a mark of continued failure and backwardness in the country. Several factors have been attributed to the onset of the civil war. Many researchers appear to settle for the more widely known reason: the independence government and other governments that followed did not attend to the grievances of the growing marginalized population. As a result, inaction created a very large group of aggrieved young men, who could not get decent employment since they were either semiliterate or completely illiterate. The government of the day had adopted a new system that promoted education as an exclusive preserve of the privileged. The marginalized population resorted to guerrilla warfare to ascend to power. This paper provides an analysis of the lack of authority that the government showed during the war. Several fights have involved children below the age of eighteen years, including the one in Southern Sudan. However, there was no direct involvement of children in their masses as witnessed when the Revolutionary United Front began its anti-government operations in Sierra Leone. The appalling picture of thousands of underage fighters engaging military officers with better equipment led to a lack of trust in the government. The government was viewed as one unable to uphold the rights of children and refugees at the general. The perception soon transformed into one of feeling betrayed and unprotected, especially when the nation witnessed the fast speed at which the militia was capturing provinces.

Executive Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Executive Summary - Assignment Example This is because some of the companies opted for hiring many receptionists to handle the high job demands, but they could not manage to professionally assist guests. Organizations should hire our services because we will implement technological approaches in our operations that comprise of surveillance cameras and ipads. The cameras shall help in monitoring the performance and interaction of our staffs with the prospective customers at the work stations. The cameras will also guarantee customer safety and reduce the risk prevalence in the offices. One of the advantages of working with GCS is that it boasts of professional personnel who are competent in their duties. The company also offers other fringe services such as telephone operators, messengers and personal assistance to clients. As a result, it would be essential to hire the services of GCS in order to save time and enable the office workers concentrate on other productive tasks. Although GCS is a new establishment in the regio n, it shall ensure that clients receive professionalized concierge services that save time and