Nickel complex from Schiff base ligand free essay sample

We perform two separate responses in this examination so as to get Schiff Base Ligand that will substitute the ligands of a nickel hydrated complex. Like most of the normal change metals, during the response of nickel metal response, nickel metals will in general structure a particle with a charge of 2+. This encourages it to shape edifices as a result of the void orbitals it has around it. This nature of the metals permits it to bond with mixes through solitary sets, which is experimentally known as the dative holding. On the second piece of this trial we respond the Schiff base ligand with hydrated nickel complex, this will permit us to frame new nickel complex which is known as. We do this through buildup and replacement from the hydrated nickel complex. Results and conversation During the blending of pyrrole-2-aldehyde with ethanol and 1,3-diaminopropane we get a dismal arrangement. As it is being warmed under reflux, shading change is watched, the arrangement begins to change into orange-red arrangement. This is because of the way that nickel particles are being suspended in the arrangement. Following 4 minutes of warming under reflux, we at last cool it for 1 hour 30 minutes in ice shower, after this timeframe yellow precious stones begin to frame at the base of the round bottomed jar. After the separating of these gems, the stay yellow and in the wake of being flushed with diethyl ether they change into a light yellow shading. We than break down these precious stones in warm ethanol and the resultant arrangement turns somewhat yellow. The arrangement quickly turns block red on account of the encourage that is available, suspended in the arrangement. The arrangement remains block red after the expansion of the sodium carbonate, however as I mix the encourage strengthens. The first sifted precious stones are pale. At the point when I redissolve them in dichloromethane they structure a cleared arrangement. Utilizing the revolving evaporator to dissipate the dichloromethane and oil ether we acquire dim red precious stones. Rate yield of Schiff base ligand: Pyrrole-2aldehyde Molar mass= 14+16+(12. 015)+(1. 0085) =95. 09 g. mol-1 n = =9. 9910-3 mol 1,3-diaminopropane Molar mass=(142)+(1. 00810)+(12. 013) =74. 11 g. mol-1 thickness = 0. 88=m= 0. 352g n = =4. 7510-3 mol Therefore the proportions: Pyrrole-2-aldehyde : 1,3-diaminopropane 2:1 9. 9910-3: x = 4. 99510-3 mol Table1: Theoretical mass computations of the Schiff Base Ligand Moles Pyrrole-2-aldehyde 1,3-diaminopropane Schiff Base Ligand Initial moles 9. 99? 10-3 4. 75? 10-3 0 Reacted moles 4. 75? 10-3 4. 75? 10-3 0 Moles created or left 5. 293? 10-3 0 4. 75? 10-3 So we have 1,3-d iaminopropane as our constraining reagent. Subsequently the hypothetical yield is: Molar mass of Schiff Base Ligand= 228. 298g/mol Mass= No. of moles ? molar mass =4. 75? 10-3? 228.298 =1. 08g Thus the rate yield: Actual mass = 0. 767g %yield = =71. 01% The hypothetical and rate yield of Nickel (II) Complex from Schiff Base Ligand Nickel acetic acid derivation Molar mass= (168)+(124)+(1. 00814)+58. 69 =200. 802 g. mol-1 n = =2. 4910-3mol Schiff base ligand Molar mass=(1213)+(1. 00816)+(144) =228. 128 g. mol-1 n = =1. 5810-3mol Therefore the proportions: Nickel acetic acid derivation : Schiff base ligand 1:1 2. 4910-3 : X = 2. 4910-3 mol Thus the restricting reagent is Schiff base ligand Table1: Theoretical mass estimations of the nickel complex Moles Nickel acetic acid derivation Schiff base ligand Nickel complex Initial moles 2. 49? 10-3 1. 58? 10-3 0 Reacted moles 1. 58? 10-3 1. 58? 10-3 0 Moles created or left 9. 1? 10-4 0 9. 1? 10-4 Molar mass of nickel complex= 284. 972g/mol Mass= No. of moles ? molar mass =9. 1? 10-4? 284. 972 =0. 26g Thus the rate yield: Actual mass = 0. 1g %yield = =38. 46% Note: from left to directly on the range signal ? (ppm) Intergral Multiplicity Assignment 1 9. 83 2 Broad singlet A 2 8. 03 2 Singlet B 3 6. 85 2 Singlet C 4 6. 46 2 Doublet D 5 6. 22 2 Triplet E 6 3. 62 4 Triplet F 7 1. 98 2 Pentet G Table 1: results from the range of the Schiff base ligand. signal ? (ppm) Intergral Multiplicity Assignment 1 6. 9 2 Triplet E 2 6. 6 2 Doublet D 3 6. 1 2 Singlet C 4 3. 2 4 Triplet B 5 1. 8 1 Quintet A 6 1. 5 1 Quintet A 7. 2 Doublet F Table 2: results from the range of the nickel complex Schiff Base ligand + [Ni(OCOH)2 Â · 4H2O] Nickel complex Ni(OCOCH3)2. 4H2O + C13H16N4 [Ni(C13H14N4)] + (CH3COOH)2 + 4H2O This suggests the Schiff Base ligand and the Nickel complex have a 1 : 1 proportion in the response. The structure of the item that structures is: 2. So we can group the Schiff Base ligand as tetradentate ligand since one ligand gives four solitary sets to the nickel particle. Along these lines the nickel particle has a facilitate number of four, which establish the square planar shape, nickel being attached to the Nitrogens that have the solitary sets to fill the unfilled shell of the nickel particle. 3. On the Schiff base ligand, we get a range that has 7 signs due to the additional hydrogens clung to nitrogens contrasted with the nickel complex however on the nickel complex, we get 6 signs on the grounds that the hydrogens that were attached to the nitrogens were expelled during the chelation.4(a). 4(b). 4(c). 5. End Thus it is obvious that how much nickel complex we have, relies upon the amount Schiff base ligand we have. The more Schiff base ligand we produce, the more conceivable it is to acquire better return of nickel complex, since they respond on a 1 : 1 proportion. The yield of the Schiff base ligand was 0. 36g and from this ligand 0. 1g of nickel complex was yielded utilizing 0. 5g of nickel acetic acid derivation.

The height of the power of Roman Empire

The stature of the intensity of Roman Empire was at tremendous. More than one fourth of the world’s populace lived and kicked the bucket the standard of the Caesars. Sovereign Marcus Aurelius was in twelve-long stretches of crusade against the Barbarian Tribe in Germania that was attracting to an end. His last wish before he passes on is that to have a fortification disrupts the general flow of Roman Victory and the guarantee of harmony all through the realm. The film starts at the Roman fight for Germania, at that point a retrogressive place where there is brutes. General Maximus Decimus Meridus drives the Roman Army to a conclusive triumph against the Germanic Tribes at Vindobona. The long war got finished on the Roman outskirts and he earned the regard of the older Emperor Marcus Aurelius. He has a male beneficiary named Commodus. The withering head wished to give transitory authority to Maximus planning to restore the ability to the Roman Senate. He saw Maximus’ capacities to lead and fill in as an Emperor in Rome in light of the fact that Maximus is a principled man and he can order the dependability of the military. Marcus needs him to end the debasement and to spare Rome from segment. Marcus needs Rome to be a Republic once more. Breaking down the Roman Society can experience into these various types of viewpoints, in particular, Functionalist, Conflict, and Symbolic Interaction Perspective. First up is the Functionalist Theory. A Functionalist Theory clarifies marvels through capacities. It has two components which are the view from the general public as an arrangement of interrelated parts that are reliant and the general qualities among society individuals. So how might we relate Functionalist Theory to the Society? There is just single word for that †Change. Change assumes a major job to Functionalist Theory. Society is viewed as incorporated entirety. An adjustment in one piece of a general public prompts change in different parts also. Society may change after some time, yet functionalist accept that it will come back to stable state. In the film Gladiator, the individuals there are approached to become fighters. They battle for their lives inside the field. Numerous combatants get injured or bite the dust. That fills in as an amusement to the higher class. The fighters are there for the wonder of the Empire. The appearance of this is they don’t have rights. They can’t help it however to keep the principles of their ruler. Everything comes to one name which is †bondage. The dormant is that they are frail. They need to keep the guidelines of their sovereign since he is in the top. He is the most elevated among them. Which implies that the combatants and different slaves are the laborers who they have to work for their ruler and to win a living. What's more, finally, the brokenness to this is they are being mishandled. They are being approached to battle inside the field. It’s an incomprehensibly important issue circumstance. The Conflict Perspective here is that the general public is made out of unmistakable gatherings with contradicting interests. The force and disparity are found deliberately in the general public. In the film, there is a disparity between the slaves and the higher class. The slaves are compelled to work for them and to become warriors and battle their lives in the field. The force is that the Emperor can direct. They provide order to the military, the administration, and the individuals at the same time. There ought to be a social equalization to the Roman Empire. What's more, last point of view is the Symbolic-Interactionism Perspective. This uses images to dissect the general public well. A collaboration between people is haggled through shared images, signals, and nonverbal correspondences. The emblematic interactionism in the film is that through garments. The higher class can wear wonderful garments while the slaves can't. On the whole, there is as yet an inquiry between the forces of the Emperor to the Senate. There is a huge size of happenings to the Roman Empire. The capacity of the fighters inside that society is to advanced a microcosm of the battle. There is autocracy and analysis among them. A Republic is a type of government wherein the nation is considered as a â€Å"public mater†, not the private concern or property of rulers, and where workplaces and states are in this way coordinated or in a roundabout way chose or delegated instead of acquired. The proposed answer for this class difference is to give the intensity of government to the senate, which is chosen by the average workers, not to the Emperor.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Diagnosis and Prevalence

Dissociative Identity Disorder Diagnosis and Prevalence BPD Related Conditions Print Dissociative Identity Disorder Diagnosis and Prevalence By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 05, 2019 ByeByeTokyo/iStockphoto More in BPD Related Conditions Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Dissociative identity disorder (DID), which used to be called multiple personality disorder, is one of the dissociative disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Dissociative disorders all have a central feature of dissociation,” or a disruption in the normally integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, and perception. In DID, you may experience the presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities, also known as alters. These personalities recurrently take control of your behavior and you often experience a loss of memory for what happened while another personality or alter is in control. Diagnosis The diagnostic criteria for DID  as described in the DSM-5 are as follows: The presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities, each with its own pattern of interpreting and relating to the environment. The presence of these personalities can be self-reported or observed by a therapist for diagnosis.Amnesia must occur, limiting how much a person can remember about both traumatic events and daily occurrences.The person must have difficulty in their daily functioning.The symptoms are not part of cultural or religious practice.The symptoms are not resulting from the use of any substance, such as alcohol or medication. DID vs. Borderline Personality Disorder People with DID often report the experience of severe physical and sexual abuse during childhood and also frequently have concurrent symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD), including self-harming behaviors, impulsive behaviors, and instability in relationships. This may be related to the fact that childhood abuse is a risk factor for both conditions. One theory about the development of DID proposes that people with DID have experienced a psychological trauma so severe that the only way to manage that trauma is to develop very strong dissociation as a coping mechanism. Over time, chronic dissociation leads to the formation of different identities. While dissociation is also a symptom of borderline personality disorder, usually the dissociation seen in BPD does not happen as frequently or as severely as in DID. That being said, someone with the symptoms of DID and BPD may receive a diagnosis of both disorders. In addition, if you have DID, you may experience other trauma-related symptoms, including nightmares, flashbacks, or other symptoms characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prevalence Controversy Dissociative identity disorder is a very rare condition. It is so rare that it is difficult to study, so little research has been conducted on people with DID. That being said, one study found that about one percent of women have DID. Of course, more studies are needed to confirm this finding. Interestingly, there has been a recent surge in the diagnosis of DID. However, it is not clear whether this is due to a greater awareness of the disorder by mental health professionals or to misdiagnosis. There has long been controversy within the field of mental health about whether or not DID exists. There is evidence that people with DID are more susceptible to hypnosis and suggestibility. This has led some experts to argue that the separate identities experienced by people with DID may be the result of suggestion. Other experts, however, argue that there are recent studies that refute this idea of suggestion. For example, some studies have demonstrated that the different personalities of a person with DID have different physiological profiles, including different brain activation patterns or cardiovascular responses. These studies have been used as evidence for the existence of actual alters. Overall, studies on DID are limited  and it remains a controversial diagnosis. However, the diagnosis is now gaining more acceptance in the mental health community and we are learning more about how to treat DIDâ€"a positive and hopeful development.

Radio Credibility And Evaluation Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4838 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Radio is one of the basic tools of disseminating information about different issues such as education, health and agriculture in rural areas of developing countries. The knowledge and information is very important for farmers to increase agricultural productivity in their areas. The most vital thing was observed that active agricultural information transferring is important for farmers in backward areas for development their skills about agriculture. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Radio Credibility And Evaluation Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In this perspective radio is best source for spreading information about agricultural knowledge for solving the requirement and needs of the farmers. In this context the research was conducted in District Benazirabad Sindh, Pakistan about the radio credibility and evaluation for agricultural information among farmers. The 250 respondents were interviewed. The respondents were inquired about the credibility of radio about the agricultural information and the evaluation. The information of different agricultural programs was also gained from respondents. Introduction Information could identify as the essential to positive results of farming in the 21st Century. Agricultural experts, creators, producers and policymakers know that information is significant and valuable. There are many farmers in developed countries give attention for getting information about updates on weather conditions, soil water management, flood disaster and pest management reports and recommendations. Farmers also obtain information of market regarding their produce. In this context radio broadcasts and keeps up to date agro meteorological information in developing countries to rural farmers. Radio plays main role to provide timely advice knowledge and information at the local level. Furthermore, in order to improve the use of this method of communication among different farming communities (Weiss, et al., 2000). The media is considered as major ingredients to spread latest agricultural technologies to farmers. In Pakistan farm and home transmission with agricultural know ledge and information were introduced in 1966 to inform farmers on the use of different technologies to boost up agricultural development. In this scenario more 50 radio stations all over the country. The Pakistani population engaged actively in agriculture and media could serve as an appropriate medium of dissemination of farming information and latest technical development (Malik, 2000). First time the use of electronic media in agricultural was introduced in 1955 when USAID given 38 cinema vans to the concern department. These vans were arranged in important districts of Pakistan. These vans could not get a significant impact on development of farming community because the content of the programs was totally different from local issues. While the electronic media such as radio and television remained in use through the concern authorities as one of the important teaching tools. How far these media have been effective in achieving desired results seems to be an important area to b e investigated (Hussain, 1986). The impact of different media channels upon the adoption of agricultural technologies in farming practice it was indicated that radio was found famous as compared to other mass media such as print and film the adoption of agricultural technologies among farmers. Information of agricultural technologies could transfer by different modern information technologies among. The investigation and findings showed that radio and Television seemed as important source of information of wheat farmers. While it was also revealed that electronic media were more motivated towards Television and radio than other technologies in rural areas (Adeniji Ega 2008; Saddi et al. 2008). Use of radio for farmers could enhance their knowledge because it provides medium which agriculture extension officers and experts identify to be the most appropriate for rural emancipation programme. Radio has reduced gap and distances thus has immediate effect. It has been showed that radio as the only medium of mass communication where the rural population have access easily. Furthermore, radio is cheap to get and is widely owned in the rural areas. Radio is preferred as a medium of communication in rural areas because of the benefit ascribed to it in form of exceeding the hindrances of illiteracy ((Kuponiyi, 2000; Folarin, 1990). The agriculture industries play a very vital role in most of the developing countries like Pakistan. Agricultural actions form is basic infrastructure of rural areas people which contributes significant and important conditions to rural communities in terms of business activities which provide an employment and good environment. The progress and direction for this sector has been showed with different kinds of tactics to determine by goals which are improved according to the demand of time. In rural development information and knowledge are two important features. The lack of information and adaption of local content and deficiency of farm related scientific knowledge are the main problem that often caused low product and. The farmers who get and are connected with media obtain timely information could make a more; those who are connected to proper and timely information would be able to make more reasonable decisions than those not. It is very potential and significant for extension officers to disseminate the agricultural related information and knowledge to the farmers with the aim of providing useful information and changing attitudes and practices (Muhammad, 2008; Abbas et al., 2008; Mazher et. al 2003; Muhammad, 2005). Electronic media such as radio has brought changes in different sectors of society for instance in agriculture radio broadcasting programme to the audience about agriculture. This medium has provided in approach and appropriate for communication to millions of people widely spread situated in rural areas. The Accessibility of low cost getting sets operated with electricity or battery h ave helped radio to disseminate messages deep in to the rural areas of developing countries. Radio is one of the best source of creating general awareness and information to bring desirable changes in the attitude and listeners reinforce learning. The radio is very benefit especially for illiterate farmers to gather information of various kinds on agriculture and other features to keep up to dates their knowledge and services. The credibility regarding radio information is one of the most important elements of communication process and its success will growth proportionally if the recipients of the information perceive the sources to be trust worthy and competent (Sadaqath Mariswamy, 2007). Appropriate tools for spreading the information of the technology will be determined by the developmental status of the country and the level of education within the country. In some cases information could transfer by the use of brochures, printed materials as well as local media such as rad io and television is essential. Networking among small farmers scientists researchers and extension also helps information diffusion and access to information. Fostering the development of such networks may facilitate information dissemination (Rolle Satin, 2002). The mass media such as radio and television are one of the most important tools of communication for transferring information regarding the agricultural scientific knowledge to the masses. In a country like Pakistan where education level of the people is low the choice of mass media is of vital importance. In this context radio are significant which transfer latest agricultural technologies information and knowledge to literate and illiterate farmers in remote areas within short time (Purushothaman et al., 2003). Growths of agricultural production by the adoption of latest procedures and use of technologies have brought significant result in various regions of the world. Furthermore, agriculture almost has received high importance in the development of developing countries due to its significant role in economy and GDP. Developing and developed countries are directly or indirectly related to the agriculture for development. Increase in agricultural production is very important for poverty reduction and improve the livelihood of rural communities. Mass media such as television and radio is one best sources of create awareness and communicate training in adopting newest technologies for farming communities spread over wide geographical areas (Anon, 2008). The information and communication technology is main element which could disseminate effective technologies to growth agricultural production. By use of these technologies to provide benefit from such technologies to farmers must have access to them and learn how to effectively utilize these technologies in farming systems and practices. The use of mass media among farmers in remote areas still most of farmers depend on traditional media suc h as radio television and newspaper these media channels could transfer information among farmers in far flung areas (Ani Baba, 2009; Abu Hassan et al., 2009,). In the Pakistan Punjab and a number of radio stations broadcasting many different agricultural programs such as, Sandhal Dharti, Khait Khait Haryali, Dharti Bakht Bahar, and Wasnay Rehan Garan Utum Khaiti while in Sindh Khati sir sati Sar Sabz Pakistan broadcasted from Sindh Hyderabad station in local languages The use of mass media appears vital to keep farmers up-to-date of the latest information about agriculture. these technologies for meeting the developing challenges of the new millennium like population explosion, low and fluctuated yield of various crops, and other challenges of new era. For this reason, it seems imperative to undertake in-depth analysis of the electronic media to improve their role in the spread of agricultural technologies among the farmers (Muhammad, et al., 2012). Radio one of the best medium of communication which has played a very vital role in socio, economic cultural and agricultural development information. It is an influential communication tool in rural agricultural market information. However, most rural areas have no access of electricity therefore farmers and other communities mostly depend on radio to meet their needs of information regarding education, health, agricultural news and weather information. The achievement of agricultural development programs in developing countries basically depends on the nature and level of use of mass media channels in mobilization of people for development in general. Radio and television have been acclaimed to be the most effective media for spreading the scientific knowledge and information to the people. In developing countries such as Pakistan, India and Bangladesh where education level is low and the choice of mass media very vital particularly Electronic Media (Murty Albino, 2012). Problem of research statement In rural areas many farmers have no specific knowledge and information regarding agricultural problems such as use of pesticides in farming and where and how to get information about newest technologies. The mass media could play a significant role in disseminating agricultural information. According to Obinne (1992) the main problem among farmers in remote areas was lack of knowledge and interested to use these technologies in agricultural growth were observed the results needed for economic growth and rural transformation but that of adapting and using them as instrument of increased their product as well as economic development for the country. The one another problem was that the different conditions and environments of the sources poor farmers could not afford to manage suck kind of technologies which can provide a benefit to these communities in rural areas. The mass media such as radio could transfer good related information to farmers for development of agriculture produ ction (Akinola, 2004). In Pakistan most of the farmers have no proper knowledge and information regarding use of pesticides and its effect on their lives. There is need to provide such kind of programs on radio which could guide the farmers about proper use of technologies in farming. In this context radio one of the best medium to transfer information among illiterate and literate farmers about usage of technologies in their field for increase their production. Material and Method The study was conducted in District Benazirabad Sindh, Pakistan where the quantitative approach was applied for data collection. This study was used a survey. The total 250 of the respondents from Qazi Ahmed Taulka were involved in this study. The simple random method was used for this study. The data information were taken regarding the credibility of radio about agricultural programs and radio evaluation agriculture programs the study were also explored about the best radio stations, their favourite programs as well as suitable timing of the agriculture programs from the respondents. The data were collected from Taluka of Qazi Ahmed. The data was analysed by used SPSS software. The data were discussed in percentage, Mean and Standard deviation. Result and Discussions 1. Demographic respondents profile In table 1 demographic result was distributed into respondents gender, age, level of education and in farming experience. The 250 respondents were participated in this study all were male participants. The age of the respondents were distributed from 20 years to 60 years old. However, more than half of 58% of the respondents age was 31 to 40 years while 22% of the respondents age was 20 to 30 years old furthermore 16.8% of the respondents age was 41 to 50 years only 3.2% of the respondents age was 50 to 60 years old with the mean value of M = 2.01 SD=.719. Table 1 result revealed that the level of education 36% of the respondents education level was of primary level while 26.6% of the respondents education level was non-formal education 19.6% of the respondents education level of was matriculation however 18% of the respondents education level of was intermediate to Master level with the mean value of M=2.47 SD=1.40. The result showed that more than half 56% of the respondents f arm experience was 11 to 20 years while 26.4% of the respondents experience was 1 to 10 years. However, 17.6% of the respondents experience was from 21 to more than 30 years were in agriculture farming with the mean value of M=1.93 SD=.705. Table 1 Demographic profile Demographic profile Frequency Percentage Mean SD Gender Male 250 100 1.00 .00000 Female 0 0 0 0 Age group 250 100 20- 30 years 55 22 2.01 .719 31- 40 years 145 58 41-50 years 42 16.8 51- 60 years 8 3.2 Education level Non formal education 66 26.4 2.47 1.40 Primary School 90 36.0 Matriculation 49 19.6 Intermediate 14 5.6 B.A 17 6.8 Degree/ Master/PhD 14 5.6 Farm experience 1- 10 years 66 26.4 1.93 .705 11- 20 years 140 56.0 21- 30 years 39 15.6 More than 30 years 5 2.0 2 Respondents General Information Table 2 the respondents were asked general information regarding farm operation, ownership and best farm operation. The result indicated that 74.4% of the respondents was no another job without doing farming while 25.6% of the respondents were doing job as well as farming with the mean value of M=1.25 SD=.437. The information about main agricultural operation more than half 55.6% of the respondents does their crop production while 20.4% of the respondents do livestock production. However, 7.6% of the respondents were using aquaculture and 16.4% of the respondents were doing other agriculture with the mean value of M=1.84 SD=1.12. The information regarding ownership of land 64.8% of the respondents does farming by contracting. While 21.2% of the respondents was the owner of the land and they do farming themselves and only 14% of the respondents do farming on rent the mean value was (M= 2.43 SD=.820). The best farm operation the result revealed that more than half 55.6% of the respon dents were doing by self-agriculture in their land furthermore 36% of the respondents were doing contracting and very small number 8.4% of the respondents were used others farm of agriculture with the mean value of M=1.52 SD=.647. Table 2General Information General information Frequency Percentage Mean SD you have work/employment apart from your job as a farmer Yes 64 25.6 . No 186 74.4 1.25 .437 Which is your main agricultural operation Crop Production 139 55.6 1.84 1.12 Livestock production 51 20.4 Aquaculture 19 7.6 Others 41 16.4 Ownership of land that you do Owner 53 21.2 2.43 .820 Renter 35 14.0 Contract farming 162 64.8 Your best farm operation By self 139 55.6 1.52 .647 contract farming 90 36.0 Others 21 8.4 3 Contacts with Agricultural Extension Officers In table 3 the information were also obtained about contact with agriculture extension officers in this context result showed that 46.8% of the respondents said that they communicated with agriculture one time in once a month. Furthermore, 10.8% of the respondents contacted once a week or more time with agriculture officer. While 26.4% of the respondents rarely contacted with agriculture officers however 10.4% of the respondents never talked with agriculture officer furthermore 4.4% of the respondents two times in a week spoken with agriculture about getting the information about agriculture with the mean value of M= 2.92 SD=1.32. The contact with fisheries officer regarding gain information about fisheries and agriculture the result indicated that 88.8% of the respondents never contacted with fisheries officer regarding fisheries and agriculture information while 8.0% of the respondents communicated one time once a month however it was indicated that only .8% of the respondents co ntacted with fisheries officers about information for agriculture the overall mean value was (M=1.26 SD=.796). The information about communicated with veterinary officers the result revealed 50.4% of the respondents were never talked with veterinary officer 36.8% of the respondents contacted once a month with veterinary officer and get information about animal diseases and agriculture related information. Table 3 Contact with Extension Officers Contact with Extension Officers Frequency Percentage Mean SD Contact with agriculture officer for agricultural information Never 26 10.4 2.92 1.32 Rarely 66 26.4 Once a month 117 46.8 Two times in weeks 11 4.4 Three times in a weeks 3 1.2 Once a week or more 27 10.8 Contact with fisheries officer for agricultural information 250 100% Never 222 88.8 1.26 .796 Rarely 2 .8 once a month 20 8.0 Two times in weeks 3 1.2 Three times in a week 1 .4 once a week or more 2 .8 Contact with veterinary officer for agricultural information Never 126 50.4 Rarely 25 10.0 once a month 92 36.8 Two times in weeks 1 .4 Three times in a week 6 2.4 once a week or more 4 Respondents Radio listening Programs In table 4 the result indicated that 86.4% of the respondents were their own radio the 13.6% of the respondents were not their own radio set with the mean value of M=1.13 SD=.343. The farmers were also asked about listening to agricultural related program of radio the result showed that 39.6% of the respondents responded that they listen to agricultural related programs 5 to 20 minutes on radio. While 25.2% of the respondents listen to agricultural other related programs 21to 40 minutes on radio. However, 18.4% of the respondents said that they listen to agricultural, news and other programs More than one hour on radio. Furthermore, 16.8% of the respondents listen to agricultural and different programs 41 to 60 minutes on radio the mean value was (M=2.14 SD=1.13). The farmers were also asked about listen to advertisement about agriculture on radio the result revealed that more than half 54.0% of the respondents listen to advertisements some time on radio regarding agriculture. It w as also revealed that 21.2% of the respondents occasionally listen to advertisement on radio about agriculture specially pesticides and Urea. It was also indicated that 16.4% of the respondents listen to advertisements on radio often only 8.4% of the respondents never listen to agricultural related advertisements on radio regarding agriculture and pesticides with the mean value of M=2.78 SD=.817. The respondents were also asked about listen to different agriculture programs on AM and FM radio the result showed that 42.2% of the respondents listen to Hari Samachar on FM105 occasionally. While other study revealed opposite of this study that radio was the main source of dissemination agricultural information among famers (Hanif, 1992; Ali, 1994). However 34.4% of the respondents listen to agricultural program some time on radio. It was also showed that 18.8% of the respondents were never listening to agricultural programs on radio only small number 4.4% of the respondents often listen to agricultural related programs on FM105. However, the agricultural related programs on AM the result showed that 49.2% of the respondents occasionally listen to the Kheti Ser Sati on AM Hyderabad. While 31.2% of the respondents some time listen to Kheti Ser Sati on AM Hyderabad furthermore 16.0% of the respondents were never not listening to Kheti Ser Sati on radio only 3.6% of the respondents were often listen to agricultural programs on AM Hyderabad radio with the mean value of M= 2.22 SD=.753. The information about one another program were also asked from respondents the result revealed that 40.8% of the respondents occasionally listen to the Sar Sabz Pakitan on AM radio Hyderabad while 30% of the respondents were some time listening to Sar Sabz Pakitan agriculture program on radio the result showed that 21.2% of the respondents never listen to Sar Sabz Pakitan agricultural program on radio only 8.0% of the respondents often listen to Sar Sabz Pakitan on radio with th e mean value of M=2.24 SD=.879. The respondents were also asked about their favourite radio stations the result revealed that more than half 58.4% of the respondents responded that the AM radio Hyderabad is their best and favourite station which provides not only agricultural related news as well as entertainments, education, dramas news and health programs which has increased their knowledge and skills. Followed by that 30% of the respondents said that FM105 was their favourite radio station which provide good music, entertainments and agricultural related programs the mean value was (M=1.66 SD=.474). Table 4 Radio listening programs Radio listening programs Frequency Percentage Mean SD Radio ownership Yes 216 86.4 1.13 .343 No 34 13.6 Listening farm related programs 250 100 5- 20 minutes 99 39.6 2.14 1.13 21- 40 minutes 63 25.2 41- to 60 minutes 42 16.8 More than one hour 46 18.4 Listen to advertisements on radio 250 100 Never 21 8.4 2.78 .817 Occasionally 53 21.2 Some time 135 54.0 Often 41 16.4 Listen to Hari Samachar on FM105 Never 47 18.8 Occasionally 106 42.2 Some time 86 34.4 Often 11 4.4 Listen to the Kheti Ser Sati on AM Hyderabad 250 100 Never 40 16.0 2.22 .753 Occasionally 123 49.2 Some time 78 31.2 Often 9 3.6 Listen to the Sar Sabz Pakitan on AM Hyderabad Never 53 21.2 2.24 .879 Occasionally 102 40.8 Some time 75 30.0 Often 20 8.0 Favourite radio station FM105 75 30 1.66 .474 AM Hyderabad 146 58.4 Respondents given mix answer 29 11.6 5 Radio Credibility In table 5 the respondents were obtained information regarding radio credibility the result showed that more than half 57.6% of the respondents were agreed and said that the content of agricultural radio program was clear while 26.8% of the respondents were strongly disagreed and said that the content of agricultural radio programs was not clear however 12.4% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed regarding the content of agricultural radio programs however only .8% of the respondents were strongly disagreed and said that radio content of agricultural program was not clear with the mean value of M=4.07SD=.746. The respondents were also asked about the agricultural program unbiased the result revealed that 73.6% of the respondents were agreed and said that agricultural programs were unbiased broadcasted on radio furthermore 13.6% of the respondents were strongly disagreed while 7.2% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed about the content of agricultural programs unbiased the mean value was (M= 3.94 SD=.700). The respondents were also asked about the content of agricultural radio programs tells the whole story the result indicated that 42% of the respondents were strongly disagreed and said that the radio did not broadcast whole story regarding the agricultural programs. While 29.6% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed that radio produce agricultural programs whole story however 24.4% of the respondents were strongly disagreed and said that radio did not tell full story of agricultural related programs only 4% of the respondents were strongly disagreed that radio not broadcast agricultural related full story programs with the mean value of M=3.13 SD=.827.The respondents were also informed about the accurate content of radio agricultural programs the result revealed that 79.2% of the respondents were strongly disagreed and responded that the radio did not produce accurate content of agricultural programs. While it was also indicated that 14.8% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed that content of agricultural programs were accurate however only 1.2% of the respondents were agreed that radio provide accurate content regarding agricultural related programs with the mean value of M=3.78 SD=.583. Furthermore, the respondents were also obtained information regarding the content of agricultural radio programs is trusted the result showed that 76.4% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed that radio produce trusted content of agricultural programs the 13.2% of the respondents were disagreed and said they did not trust on radio content agricultural programs while 10% of the respondents were strongly disagreed and said that radio was not producing such trusted programs the mean value was (M=3.95 SD=.516). The information about the appropriate timings of the programs the result indicated that 55.2% of the respondents were disagreed and said that the agricultural programs timing was not appropriate 23.6% of the respondents were neither agreed not disagreed about the appropriate timing of the programs on radio. While 12.4% of the respondents were strongly agreed that agricultural programs produce on appropriate time. However the result agricultural radio programs is up to date revealed that 43.2% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed and 34.0% of the respondents were agreed that radio produce up to date programs regarding agricultural with the mean value of M= 4.03 SD=.900. Table 5 Respondents level of Radio credibility Level of Radio Credibility Frequency Percentage Mean SD The content of agricultural radio program is clear Strongly agree 2 .8 4.07 .746 Disagree 6 2.4 Neither agree nor disagree 31 12.4 Agree 144 57.6 Strongly disagree 67 26.8 The content of agricultural program is unbiased Strongly agree 3 1.2 3.94 .700 Disagree 11 4.4 Neither agree nor disagree 18 7.2 Agree 184 73.6 Strongly disagree 34 13.6 The content of agricultural radio programs tells the whole story Strongly agree 61 24.4 3.13 .827 Disagree 105 42.0 Neither agree nor disagree 74 29.6 Agree 10 4.0 Strongly disagree The content of agricultural radio programs is accurate Strongly agree 3 1.2 3.78 .583 Disagree 7 2.8 Neither agree nor disagree 37 14.8 Agree 198 79.2 Strongly disagree 5 2.0 The content of agricultural radio programs is trusted Strongly agree 1 .4 3.95 .516 Disagree 33 13.2 Neither agree nor disagree 191 76.4 Agree 25 10.0 Strongly disagree The content of agricultural radio programs broadcasted at the appropriate time Strongly agree 31 12.4 Disagree 138 55.2 Neither agree nor disagree 59 23.6 Agree 17 6.8 Strongly disagree 5 2.0 The content of agricultural radio programs is up to date Strongly agree 20 8.0 4.03 .90012 Disagree 37 14.8 Neither agree nor disagree 108 43.2 Agree 85 34.0 Strongly disagree Radio Evaluation The respondents were asked about the radio helping to get latest information of market price the result indicated that 41.2% of the respondents were disagreed and said that radio did not provides information about market for their product. Followed by 37.6% of the respondents were strongly agreed and responded that radio helps to find good market for their product. While 16% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed about radio helps to find a good market for their products the mean value was (M=1.92 SD=.970). The respondents were obtained information about radio as a source of pricing information the result showed that 36% of the respondents were disagreed and said that radio was not source of pricing information about agriculture product very close to it 35.2% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed regarding radio as a source of pricing information while 28.8% of the respondents were strongly agreed with the mean value of M=2.06 SD=.799. The respondent s were also asked about the on farm organizations loan the result showed that 40.4% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed while 34.8% of the respondents were disagreed regarding on farm credits loans provide by organizations however 21.6% of the respondents were strongly agreed with the mean value of M= 2.26 SD=.871 Furthermore, the respondents were also asked about latest information regarding crop livestock the result revealed that 47.6% of the respondents were agreed followed by that 40% of the respondents were strongly disagreed about information of crop and livestock by radio. However, only small number 2.4% of the respondents were strongly agreed. The mean value was (M=4.16 SD=.947). The respondents were obtained the information about on good farm practices of the crop livestock. The result revealed that 32.4% of the respondents were strongly disagreed while 27.2% of the respondents were agreed furthermore 22.4% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disa greed regarding on good farm practices of the crop livestock and 6.0% of the respondents were strongly agreed with the mean value of M=3.68 SD=1.21. The information about farmers skills and knowledge about controlling the diseases of crops livestock the result showed that 42.4% of the respondents were agreed regarding information provided by radio while 16.8% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed furthermore result indicated that 15.6% of the respondents were disagreed the overall mean value was ( M=3.32 SD=1.22). The respondents were also enquired about the information of pest controlling diseases by radio result revealed that more than half 64.8% of the respondents were strongly disagreed while 18.8% of the respondents were neither agreed nor disagreed about radio provide information of pest control however only 1.2% of the respondents were strongly agreed with the mean value of M=4.41SD=.932. The respondents were also inquired about radio keeps farmers up to date on reliable weather and climate information the result showed that 36.8% of the respondents were disagreed and said that radio did not keeps up to date regarding the reliable weather information. Followed by that 30% of the respondents were strongly disagreed that radio provided latest information about weather while 24.8% of the respondents were agreed and said that radio keeps up to date on reliable weather and climate information with the mean value of M=2.39 SD=1.36 Table 6 Evaluation of radio Evaluation of radio Frequency Percentage Mean SD Radio helping farmers to find a good market for their products 1.92 .970 Strongly agree 94 37.6 Disagree 103 41.2 Neither agree nor disagree 40 16.0 Agree 3 1.2 Strongly disagree 10 4.0 To serve farmers as a source of pricing information Strongly agree 72 28.8 2.06 .799 Disagree 90 36.0 Neither agree nor disagree 88 35.2 On farm credits and loans provided by organizations Strongly agree 54 21.6 2.26 .871 Disagree 87 34.8 Neither agree nor disagree 101 40.4 Agree 4 1.6 Strongly disagree 4 1.6 To keep farmers up to date on latest information regarding crop livestock Strongly agree 6 2.4 4.16 .947 Disagree 17 6.8 Neither agree nor disagree 8 3.2 Agree 119 47.6 Strongly disagree 100 40.0 On good farm practices of the crop livestock. Strongly agree 15 6.0 3.68 1.21 Disagree 30 12.0 Neither agree nor disagree 56 22.4 Agree 68 27.2 Strongly disagree 81 32.4 To help farmers to overcome the problems affecting crops livestock production Strongly agree 1 .4 3.52 1.01 Disagree 66 26.4 Neither agree nor disagree 10 4.0 Agree 146 58.4 Strongly disagree 27 10.8 To improve farmers skills and knowledge about controlling the diseases of crops livestock Strongly agree 28 11.2 3.32 1.22 Disagree 39 15.6 Neither agree nor disagree 42 16.8 Agree 106 42.4 Strongly disagree 35 14.0 To provide farmers with knowledge regarding pest control Strongly agree 3 1.2 4.41 .932 Disagree 11 4.4 Neither agree nor disagree 27 10.8 Agree 47 18.8 Strongly disagree 162 64.8 To keep farmers up to date on reliable weather and climate information Strongly agree 75 30.0 2.39 1.36 Disagree 92 36.8 Neither agree nor disagree 10 4.0 Agree 62 24.8 Strongly disagree 10 4.0 Radio provides current agricultural related news, agricultural information and programs to transfer messages which could enhance the knowledge and information for development of farmers. The role of radio about agriculture programs cannot deny. It is very essential that radio should provide more agricultural related programs as well as latest concerning information of weather, market and pesticides where farmers could increase their production. The timing of different agricultural programs is not suitable and not matches with farmers and frequency is 10 to 20 minutes which not provides whole story and detailed regarding agricultural information to farmers. Radio producers should broadcast programs about technological usage in farming where the farmers could utilise these technologies in farming for increase the ir product and income

Racial Profiling And The War On Terrorism - 1341 Words

Racial Profiling applied in the War on Terrorism Ian J Watterson HSM 311: Ethics Homeland Security Instructor: Christina Spoons July 13th, 2017 Racial profiling is a futile method in preventing domestic and international terrorism. But regardless of this fact, the United States has attempted to employ this technique in its counter-terror and espionage efforts dating back as early as World War II. And as long as this has been present in has been a point of contention and discussion amongst the American populace, as this country has well documented accounts of this throughout their history that include: the internment of Japanese-Americans in WWII, the profiling of minorities and low-income areas during the War on Drugs,†¦show more content†¦This was not the first time that a racial make-up was used to classify and compartmentalize a possible threat to the nation. (Elliott, 2006). 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Code Of Conduct A Set Free Essays

They can be counted up to 3, if they get a 3 they eave to go for a time out In another classroom to reflect on their behavior and actions. They spend a minute for each year of their age In time out. – Attendance policy – rewards are given for the children that attend school every day for the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Code Of Conduct A Set or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each child that attends school every day for a term gets a certificate home. There is also a class attendance award which is given every Friday to the class who had the best attendance the previous week. – Ann-bullying policy: all children know school’s take a zero tolerance attitude towards bulling. Any child found to bullying will be dealt with according to the school’s policy. 1. 2 All staff in the school must be made aware of all the policies and procedures in place. They must follow each one if necessary. All staff should be consistent with the way they carry out the policies and procedures to ensure the children respond positively, if there Is Inconsistency within the behavior managing then It Is likely that pupil learning will suffer. Pupils should know of the rewards policy and the discipline policy and should know the consequences of their actions and behavior. All staff, whether it be support staff, midday supervisors or senior members of staff should all have the same status when disciplining a child. They should all follow the same steps and reach the same outcome (time out). This will give the pupils better and clearer boundaries for them to follow. Encouraging and rewarding positive behavior lets the children know and reminds them that their behavior is noticed and accounted for. Some children may get the impression that more emphasis is on the bad behavior because that may be what is pointed out more often. Giving the incentive of a reward gives motivation to do well, but also reassurance that It’s not only bad behavior that gets the teachers attention. Whilst It’s Important to reward all children It Is also equally, If not more Important to reward and encourage those children who tend to be told off more than the others. This may be down to a medical condition they have, but to ensure they don’t feel victimized or singled out, their positive behavior needs rewarding. Research shows that for every negative thing we do, we need 6 positives to cancel out the negative. We need to be careful not to purely focus on the negatives all the time as some times this can happen when things become busy and unreasoned. Children will learn that reward, they will register the feeling they get when praised and will want that feeling again; so consequently will continue to behave well in order to be praised. 3. 2 Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where to have to deal with someone’s behavior or discipline them without having prior experience, this problem should be raised with someone who is more experienced than you and they will be able to vive you advice on what to do. Whilst you may be experienced enough or feel confident enough to deal with problems on your own, there are some situations where other members of staff should be present. These include: – When pupils are a danger to themselves and/or anyone around them – If you are dealing with a pupil whose behavior is unpredictable and you don’t feel comfortable on your own – If you aren’t in control of a situations and/or pupil aren’t following your instructions – If the incident is serious enough to need the involvement of a senior member of staff. Depending on the severity of the situation and the pupil’s involved you may need to refer to different members of staff. Sometimes it may Just be support from another member of staff (for example if you need to team teach a child), but in other cases you may need specialist support. These are the people within school who can give specialist support: ESSENCE or supervisor, other teachers or support staff and Head Teacher or Deputy Head. There are also people outside of the school who can give specialist support. There include: behavior unit, educational psychologists and councilors. How to cite Code Of Conduct A Set, Papers

The Life Of Esperanza Essays - Chicano Literature,

The Life Of Esperanza In The House On Mango Street Esperanza reveals personal experiences through which the reader is able to determine what kind of person she is; her views on life, how she views herself, as well as how her poverty affects her view of life, her view of her future, and how her poverty currently affects her place in the world. The vignettes show different aspects of Esperanza's identity as it evolves and changes progressively throughout The House On Mango Street. Esperanza's identity, as divulged in the vignettes, is multifaceted. Her shyness is evident when she is around people who are unfamiliar to her. This is most likely due to the intimidation these people pose. For example, in the vignettes ?The First Job? and ?A Rice Sandwich? Esperanza is too shy to eat with her other co-workers and peers, as shown in the following quotation from ?The First Job?: ?When lunch time came I was scared to eat alone in the company lunchroom?. Another dominant feature in Esperanza's personality is the trust she has in others. This is one of Esperanza's weaknesses as an individual because it allows her to be gullible and vulnerable. In ?Cathy Queen of Cats' Esperanza's gullibility is obvious when Cathy tells Esperanza that ?...[her] father will have to fly to France one day and find her...cousin...and inherit the family house. How do I know this is so? She told me so.?. Another error in trusting others is that Esperanza is susceptible to betrayal. In ?Red Clowns' Esperanza is betrayed by Sally because Sally told Esperanza that the circus would be a fun experience, but instead she was raped. Esperanza blames Sally, the magazines, and the movies for lying to her about the circus. Esperanza is a very idealistic person. She assumes everything is pretty and fun, but when she finds out the acrimonious reality of life she becomes disappointed and deems herself stupid for not knowing better. Unbeknownst to Esperanza, her naivet? and inexperience is normal. For example, in ?Gil's Furniture Bought & Sold' Esperanza assumes that a music box is ?...a pretty box with flowers painted on it, with a ballerina inside...? but when it's revealed to her that a music box is just ?...a wood box that's old and got a big brass record in it with holes? she feels ashamed she did not know better. Despite her low self-esteem she still keeps hold of her dream of acquiring ?A house all my own.?. Esperanza's perception of herself does not mirror who she really is. She views herself as unattractive, unintelligent, insignificant and out of place. Such statements as, ?...skinny necks and pointed elbows like mine....do not belong here but are here...? provide evidence. In ?Four Skinny Trees' Esperanza describes the four trees outside her house as how she sees herself; how she has not found her place in the world. Esperanza, like the trees, is trapped. While Esperanza is trapped on Mango Street, the trees are trapped in concrete. The quotation from ?Four Skinny Trees? illustrates an optimism despite the limitations. ?Four who grew despite concrete. Four who reach and do not forget to reach.? The desire to leave Mango Street is the desire to lay new roots. There is an optimism which is inconsistent with Esperanza's negative self image. Esperanza's poverty acts as a physical obstacle from leaving Mango Street, but it does not prevent her from creating dreams and desires. On Mango Street Esperanza lives in a dilapidated, tiny house; a house with ?bricks ...crumbling in places...? ?Everybody has to share a bedroom...? From this poverty was born Esperanza's dream. ?I knew then I had to have a house. A real house.? Although her dream is to live in a house ?with trees around it, a great big yard, and grass growing without a fence,? Esperanza does not plan to abandon those who cannot leave Mango Street. ?They will not know I have gone away to come back. For the ones I left behind.? Esperanza maintains a commitment to her roots on Mango Street. At the outset of The House on Mango Street, Esperanza is presented as a shy girl with low self esteem. As the book progresses she appears to become increasingly strong,